Natural Sciences
How can humans understand the natural world? What is really there? How does it move? What are matter, energy, space, time, and light? What is life and how does it evolve? At St. John’s, students study physics, biology, and chemistry through books and experiments that help them face these difficult, basic questions and to see how they might be answered. The program ranges widely to explore quantum physics, relativity, and contemporary molecular biology.
Reading List
Archimedes 鈥淥n the Equilibrium of Planes,鈥 鈥淥n Floating Bodies鈥
Aristotle Poetics, Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachaen Ethics, On Generation and Corruption, Politics, Parts of Animals, Generation of Animals
Amedeo Avogadro "Essay on a Manner of Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies鈥
Claude Berthollet 鈥淓xcerpt from Essai de Statique Chimique鈥
Joseph Black 鈥淓xtracts from Lectures on the Elements of Chemistry鈥
Stanislao Cannizzaro 鈥淟etter to Professor S. De Luca鈥
John Dalton 鈥淓xtracts from A New System of Chemical Philosophy鈥
Hans Driesch 鈥淭he Science and Philosophy of the Organism鈥
Euclid Elements
Daniel Fahrenheit 鈥淭he Fahrenheit Scale鈥
Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac 鈥淥n the Expansion of Gases by Heat,鈥 鈥淢emoir on the Combination of Gaseous Substances with Each Other鈥
William Harvey Motion of the Heart and Blood
Antoine Lavoisier Elements of Chemistry
Lucretius On the Nature of Things
Edme Mariotte Essays
Dmitri Mendeleev 鈥淭he Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements鈥
Nicomachus Arithmetic
Blaise Pascal Treatise on the Equilibrium of Liquids
J.L. Proust 鈥淓xcerpt from Sur Les Oxidations Metalliques鈥
Ptolemy Almagest
Hans Spemann 鈥淭he Organizer-Effect in Embryonic Development鈥 (Nobel Lecture 1935), 鈥淓mbryonic Development and Induction鈥
J. J. Thomson 鈥淓xtracts from System of Chemistry鈥
Rudolf Virchow 鈥淐ellular Pathology Lectures鈥
Apollonius Conics
Aristotle De Anima, On Interpretation, Prior Analytics, Categories
Francis Bacon Novum Organum
Nicolaus Copernicus On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres
Ren茅 Descartes Geometry, Discourse on Method
Johannes Kepler Astronomia Nova
Blaise Pascal Generation of Conic Sections
Ptolemy Almagest
Fran莽ois Vi猫te Introduction to the Analytical Art
Andr茅-Marie Amp猫re Essays
Daniel Bernoulli 鈥淥n the Vibrating String鈥
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 鈥淓xcerpts from Coulomb鈥檚 M茅moires sur l鈥櫭﹍ectricit茅 et le magn茅tisme鈥
Richard Dedekind Essay on the Theory of Numbers
Ren茅 Descartes Meditations, Rules for the Direction of the Mind
Leonhard Euler 鈥淩emarks on the Preceding Papers by Mr. Bernoulli鈥
Michael Faraday 鈥淓xperimental Researches in Electricity鈥
Benjamin Franklin 鈥淓xcerpt from several letters to Peter Collinson on the nature of electricity鈥
Galileo Galilei Two New Sciences
William Gilbert 鈥淒e Magnete鈥
David Hume Treatise on Human Nature
Christiaan Huygens Treatise on Light, On the Movement of Bodies by Impact
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Monadology, Discourse on Metaphysics, Principles of Nature and Grace, Essays
James Clerk Maxwell 鈥淥n Faraday鈥檚 Lines of Force.鈥 鈥淥n Physical Lines of Force,鈥 鈥淎 Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field鈥
Isaac Newton Principia Mathematica
Jean-Antoine Nollet 鈥淥bservations on Several New Electrical Phenomena鈥
Hans Christian 脴rsted 鈥淓xperiments concerning the efficacy of electric conflict on the magnetic needle鈥
Brook Taylor 鈥淥n the motion of the stretched string鈥
Alessandro Volta 鈥淥n the Electricity excited by the mere contact of conducting substances of different kinds鈥
Thomas Young 鈥淥n the Nature of Light and Colors鈥
Niels Bohr 鈥淥n the Spectrum of Hydrogen鈥
Theodor Boveri Essays
Louisde Broglie 鈥淢atter Waves鈥
Charles Darwin Origin of Species
Albert Einstein 鈥淩elativity,鈥 鈥淥n the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,鈥 鈥淥n the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light,鈥 鈥淭he Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity,鈥 鈥淒oes the Inertia of a Body Depend upon its Energy Content?鈥
Michael Faraday 鈥淥n the Absolute Quantity of Electricity Associated with the Particles or Atoms of Matter鈥
Fran莽ois Jacob & Jacques Monod Essays
George Beadle & Edward Tatum Essays
G. H. Hardy 鈥淢endelian Proportions in a Mixed Population鈥
Georg Hegel Phenomenology of Mind
Werner Karl Heisenberg 鈥淐ritique of the Physical Concepts of the Particle Picture鈥
Edmund Husserl The Crisis of the European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology
James Watson & Francis Crick Essays
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 鈥淶oological Philosophy鈥
Nikolai Lobachevsky Theory of Parallels
Gregor Mendel 鈥淓xperiments with Plant Hybridization鈥
Robert Andrews Millikan 鈥淭he Electron鈥
Hermann Minkowski 鈥淪pace and Time鈥
Thomas Morgan 鈥淓volution and Genetics,鈥 鈥淭he Chromosomes and Mendel's Two Laws,鈥 鈥淭he Linkage Groups and the Chromosomes,鈥 鈥淪ex-Linked Inheritance,鈥 鈥淐rossing-Over鈥
Max Planck 鈥淭he Quantum Hypothesis鈥
Ernest Rutherford 鈥淭he Scattering of 伪 & 尾 Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom鈥
Erwin Schr枚dinger 鈥淔our Lectures of Wave Mechanics鈥擣irst Lecture鈥
Joel Sussman Essays
Walter Sutton Essays
J. J. Thomson 鈥淐athode Rays鈥
Albert Einstein Essays
Richard Feynman QED
Georg Hegel Philosophy of Nature
Konrad Lorenz Studies in Animal and Human Behavior
Bertrand Russell An Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy
Computation
Computing Technology and Human Society
Neuroscience Mathematics and Natural Science
The information presented is for illustration purposes only and may not reflect the current reading list and preceptorial and study group offerings. Works listed are studied at one or both campuses, although not always in their entirety.